How to identify the Ostrich

To correctly identify the Ostrich (Struthio camelus), check each of these features. Birds can be tricky: habit, habitat, and call often confirm a sighting that a single photo cannot.

Size at a glance

Length

210-280 cm (6.9-9.2 ft)

Wingspan

Approximately 200 cm (6.6 ft) (wings are vestigial and not used for flight)

Weight

63-145 kg (139-320 lbs), with males generally larger than females

Physical features to check

1. 1

   Plumage

   Overall feather coloration and pattern.

   Males have predominantly black body plumage with white primary and tail feathers. Females and juveniles have duller, grayish-brown plumage with off-white primary and tail feathers.

2. 2

   Beak shape

   Shape and color of the bill: a key field mark.

   Broad, flattened, and relatively short beak, pale horn-colored.

3. 3

   Eye color

   Iris color and any distinctive eye markings.

   Large, prominent eyes with long black eyelashes, typically dark brown.

4. 4

   Leg color

   Leg and foot color.

   Long, powerful legs, typically grayish-pink to pale blue, with two toes on each foot (a unique adaptation among birds).

5. 5

   Distinguishing features

   Standout features that separate this species.

   Unmistakable due to immense size, long bare neck and legs, and flightless nature. The two-toed foot is a key distinguishing feature.

6. 6

   Juvenile appearance

   How young birds differ from adults.

   Covered in spiky, downy plumage, typically mottled brown and tan, resembling adult females but with a more uniform coloration. Legs and neck are shorter in proportion to the body.

7. 7

   Seasonal changes

   Plumage variation between breeding and non-breeding seasons.

   No significant seasonal plumage changes, though feather condition can vary with molting cycles.

8. 8

   Sexual dimorphism

   How males and females differ.

   Pronounced. Males are larger and have striking black and white plumage. Females are smaller and have duller, grayish-brown plumage.

Key field marks

• Size and Stature. The sheer size (up to 2.8 meters tall) and long, bare neck and legs are unmistakable. No other bird in its range approaches its dimensions.
• Plumage Coloration. Look for the distinct sexual dimorphism: males are black with white wing and tail feathers, while females are dull grayish-brown with off-white feathers.
• Legs and Feet. Observe the powerful, bare legs and the unique two-toed feet, a key anatomical identifier.
• Behavior. Their characteristic running gait, often in open grasslands, is a strong indicator. Also, look for their habit of foraging in groups.
• Vocalizations. Listen for the deep, booming 'hooo-hooo-hooo' call of the male, especially during the breeding season.

Explore the Ostrich