Oriental Magpie-Robin

Tentang

The Oriental Magpie-Robin is a small passerine bird that was formerly classed as a member of the thrush family Turdidae, but is now considered an Old World flycatcher. They are distinctive black and white birds with a long tail that is held upright as they forage on the ground or perch conspicuously. They are well-known for their melodious songs and are often found in urban gardens as well as more natural habitats.

Ukuran dan masa hidup

Panjang

19-23 cm

Bentang sayap

25-30 cm

Berat

29-42 g

Masa hidup

5-8 years in the wild

Makanan

Insectivore, occasionally consuming nectar, small fruits, and geckos.

Ciri fisik

Bulu

Males have glossy black upperparts, head, and throat, with a white patch on the shoulder. The underparts from the breast down are white. Females are duller, with greyish-black upperparts and head, and greyish-white underparts. Both sexes have a prominent white wing bar and white outer tail feathers.

Bentuk paruh

Slender, pointed, and black.

Warna mata

Dark brown

Warna kaki

Black

Ciri pembeda

The striking black and white plumage (more grey and white in females), upright tail posture, and distinctive white wing bar are key features. The male's glossy black contrasts sharply with its white belly.

Penampilan muda

Juveniles resemble females but have a mottled or scaly appearance on the head and breast, with brownish-grey upperparts and buffy streaks on the underparts. The white wing bar is present but may be less defined.

Perubahan musiman

No significant seasonal plumage changes. Plumage remains consistent throughout the year, though wear and tear can make feathers appear duller before molting.

Dimorfisme seksual

Pronounced. Males are glossy black and white, while females are duller, with greyish-black replacing the black and greyish-white replacing the pure white.

Cara identifikasi

1. 1

   Plumage Pattern

   Look for the distinct black (male) or greyish-black (female) upperparts, head, and throat, contrasting sharply with the white (male) or greyish-white (female) underparts. The white shoulder patch (male) and prominent white wing bar are key.

2. 2

   Tail Posture

   Observe its behavior on the ground; it frequently holds its long tail upright, often flicking it up and down.

3. 3

   Song

   Listen for its rich, varied, and melodious song, often delivered from a prominent perch. It includes whistles, trills, and mimicry.

4. 4

   Habitat

   They are commonly found in gardens, parks, and human-modified landscapes, making them relatively easy to spot in urban and suburban areas.

Habitat dan persebaran

Bioma

Tropical and subtropical forests, woodlands, scrublands, agricultural areas, urban gardens, and parks.

Persebaran geografis

Widely distributed across the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, from Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal, east through Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, and the Philippines.

Rentang ketinggian

Typically found from sea level up to 1,500 meters, occasionally higher.

Lingkungan yang disukai

Prefers open woodlands, forest edges, cultivated areas with scattered trees, and human-modified landscapes such as gardens, parks, and plantations. They are often found near human habitation.

Perilaku

Waktu aktivitas

Diurnal, most active during the early morning and late afternoon.

Kebiasaan makan

Primarily insectivorous, foraging on the ground for insects, larvae, worms, and other invertebrates. They also catch insects in flight and may occasionally consume small fruits, nectar, or small vertebrates like geckos. They often flick their tail up and down while foraging.

Perilaku sosial

Generally solitary or found in pairs, especially during the breeding season. They are territorial and will defend their breeding and feeding areas.

Pola terbang

Direct and undulating flight over short distances. They are not strong long-distance fliers but are agile within their habitat.

Pola migrasi

Mostly resident throughout their range, with no significant migratory movements. Local movements may occur in response to food availability or habitat changes.

Teritorialitas

Highly territorial, especially males during the breeding season. They use their songs and displays to defend their territory against rivals.

Reproduksi

Musim kawin

Varies geographically, typically March to July in India, and similar periods in other parts of its range, often coinciding with the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons.

Kebiasaan bersarang

Nests are typically built in tree holes, crevices in walls, old buildings, or sometimes in dense bushes. The nest is a cup-shaped structure made of grass, roots, leaves, and hair, lined with finer materials.

Jumlah telur

3-6 eggs, typically 4-5.

Deskripsi telur

Eggs are pale blue or greenish-blue, speckled with reddish-brown or purplish-brown spots, particularly at the broader end. They are oval-shaped.

Masa inkubasi

11-13 days, primarily by the female.

Masa terbang

12-14 days after hatching, the young leave the nest.

Perawatan orang tua

Both parents participate in feeding the nestlings and fledglings. The male often brings food to the female during incubation.

Di mana ditemukan

Tips lapangan

1. Listen for their song. Their loud, melodious song is often the first indication of their presence, especially during the breeding season. Follow the sound to locate the bird.
2. Look for movement on the ground. They are ground foragers, so scan lawns, leaf litter, and open patches of ground. Their tail-flicking behavior is a good clue.
3. Check prominent perches. Males often sing from high, exposed perches like TV antennas, utility wires, or the tops of trees.
4. Visit early morning or late afternoon. These are their most active periods for foraging and singing.

Spesies serupa

Fakta singkat

Scientific Name:

Copsychus saularis

Family:

Muscicapidae (Old World Flycatchers)

Diet:

Insectivore

Conservation Status:

Least Concern

Habitat:

Gardens, parks, woodlands, cultivated areas

Distribution:

Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia

Fakta menarik

• The Oriental Magpie-Robin is the national bird of Bangladesh, where it is known as the 'Doel'.
• Males are known for their elaborate and varied songs, often incorporating mimicry of other bird species.
• They are highly adaptable and thrive in human-modified environments, making them a common sight in urban areas across their range.
• In some cultures, their songs are believed to bring good luck or are associated with specific seasons.

Klasifikasi ilmiah

Kerajaan

Animalia

Filum

Chordata

Kelas

Aves

Ordo

Passeriformes

Famili

Muscicapidae

Genus

Copsychus

Spesies

Copsychus saularis

Jelajahi Oriental Magpie-Robin