Bondol Dada-merah

Tentang

The Tawny-breasted Parrotfinch, also known as Bondol Dada-merah, is a small, colorful passerine bird belonging to the family Estrildidae. It is characterized by its vibrant green plumage, blue face, and distinctive tawny or reddish-brown breast. This species is endemic to Southeast Asia, primarily found in montane forests.

Ukuran dan masa hidup

Panjang

10-11 cm

Bentang sayap

Approximately 15-17 cm

Berat

8-12 g

Masa hidup

3-5 years in the wild (estimated)

Makanan

Granivore (primarily seeds, supplemented with small insects)

Ciri fisik

Bulu

Adults have a bright grass-green back, wings, and tail. The face and crown are a striking cobalt blue, extending to the nape. The breast and flanks are a rich tawny or reddish-brown, contrasting with a white belly. The rump and uppertail coverts are crimson-red.

Bentuk paruh

Conical and stout, adapted for cracking seeds. The bill is black.

Warna mata

Dark brown

Warna kaki

Dark grey to blackish

Ciri pembeda

The combination of blue face, tawny breast, and green body with a red rump is unique among parrotfinches in its range. The black bill is also a key feature.

Penampilan muda

Juveniles are duller overall, lacking the vibrant blue on the face and the rich tawny on the breast. Their plumage is mostly dull green, with a paler, often yellowish-green belly and a less intense red rump. The bill is typically horn-colored or brownish, gradually darkening to black.

Perubahan musiman

No significant seasonal plumage changes are observed.

Dimorfisme seksual

Males and females are generally similar in plumage, though males may have slightly brighter blue on the face and more intense tawny on the breast. Differences are subtle and often difficult to discern in the field.

Cara identifikasi

1. 1

   Blue Face

   Look for the distinctive cobalt blue coloration on the face and crown, extending to the nape. This is a primary field mark.

2. 2

   Tawny Breast

   Observe the rich reddish-brown or tawny color on the breast and flanks, which contrasts sharply with the green upperparts and white belly.

3. 3

   Green Body with Red Rump

   Note the bright grass-green plumage on the back and wings, complemented by a crimson-red rump and uppertail coverts.

4. 4

   Black Bill

   The stout, conical black bill is a consistent feature in adults and helps distinguish it from some other parrotfinch species with paler bills.

5. 5

   Habitat and Behavior

   Search in dense montane forest undergrowth, especially near bamboo or grassy clearings. They are often seen in small, active flocks, clinging to grass stems to feed.

Habitat dan persebaran

Bioma

Tropical and subtropical moist montane forests, forest edges, and clearings with dense vegetation.

Persebaran geografis

Southeast Asia, specifically found on the islands of Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, and the Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao).

Rentang ketinggian

Typically found at elevations between 800 and 2,500 meters above sea level, though occasionally recorded lower.

Lingkungan yang disukai

Prefers dense undergrowth, bamboo thickets, and secondary growth within montane forests. Often found near forest edges or clearings where grass seeds are abundant.

Perilaku

Waktu aktivitas

Diurnal, most active during the early morning and late afternoon.

Kebiasaan makan

Primarily feeds on small grass seeds, which it extracts with its strong conical bill. It forages in small flocks, often clinging to grass stems to reach seeds. Occasionally consumes small insects, especially during the breeding season to supplement protein for chicks.

Perilaku sosial

Usually seen in small flocks of 5-15 individuals, sometimes associating with other species of estrildid finches. They are generally shy and inconspicuous.

Pola terbang

Flight is typically fast and undulating, characteristic of small finches. They often fly in small, cohesive flocks.

Pola migrasi

Resident throughout its range; no significant migratory movements are known. May undertake local altitudinal movements in response to food availability.

Teritorialitas

During the breeding season, pairs will establish and defend a small breeding territory around their nest site. Outside of breeding, they are less territorial and forage communally.

Reproduksi

Musim kawin

Varies geographically, but generally coincides with the rainy season when food resources (seeds) are abundant. In some areas, breeding may occur year-round.

Kebiasaan bersarang

Nests are typically spherical or dome-shaped structures with a side entrance, constructed from grass stems, leaves, and other plant fibers. They are usually well-hidden in dense vegetation, often in bamboo clumps or thick bushes, close to the ground.

Jumlah telur

3-5 eggs

Deskripsi telur

Eggs are pure white, oval-shaped, and smooth. They are relatively small, typical for a finch of this size.

Masa inkubasi

Approximately 13-14 days

Masa terbang

Chicks fledge (leave the nest) around 18-21 days after hatching. They remain dependent on parents for a short period after fledging.

Perawatan orang tua

Both parents participate in nest building, incubation, and feeding of the young. The male often brings food to the incubating female.

Di mana ditemukan

Tips lapangan

1. Listen for calls. Their soft 'tsit' contact calls can help locate foraging flocks, though they are generally quiet birds.
2. Scan dense vegetation. They are often hidden in thick undergrowth. Patience and careful scanning of dense bushes and grass clumps are key.
3. Look for movement. Their active foraging behavior, clinging to grass stems, can reveal their presence even when camouflaged.
4. Visit higher elevations. Focus your search in the specified elevation ranges (800-2500m) where they are most commonly found.

Spesies serupa

Fakta singkat

Common Name:

Bondol Dada-merah (Indonesian), Tawny-breasted Parrotfinch (English)

Scientific Name:

Erythrura hyperythra

Family:

Estrildidae (Estrildid Finches)

Size:

Small (10-11 cm)

Diet:

Seeds, some insects

Habitat:

Montane forests, dense undergrowth

Distribution:

Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Sulawesi, Philippines

Conservation Status:

Least Concern

Fakta menarik

• Despite its vibrant colors, the Tawny-breasted Parrotfinch can be surprisingly difficult to spot due to its preference for dense undergrowth and its generally shy nature.
• Like many estrildid finches, they are highly social birds, often seen in small, active flocks, which helps in foraging and predator detection.
• Their strong, conical bill is perfectly adapted for cracking open the tough husks of various grass seeds, which form the bulk of their diet.

Klasifikasi ilmiah

Kerajaan

Animalia

Filum

Chordata

Kelas

Aves

Ordo

Passeriformes

Famili

Estrildidae

Genus

Erythrura

Spesies

Erythrura hyperythra

Jelajahi Bondol Dada-merah