Sikatan Rimba-bintik

Tentang

The Grey-streaked Flycatcher, known in Indonesian as Sikatan Rimba-bintik, is a small passerine bird belonging to the Old World flycatcher family. It is a migratory species, breeding in Northeast Asia and wintering across Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. It is characterized by its upright posture, relatively long wings, and distinctive streaking on its underparts.

Ukuran dan masa hidup

Panjang

12.5-15 cm

Bentang sayap

22-25 cm

Berat

10-18 g

Masa hidup

3-5 years (estimated in the wild)

Makanan

Insectivore

Ciri fisik

Bulu

Upperparts are plain grey-brown, often appearing slightly olive-tinged. Underparts are whitish with prominent grey-brown streaking on the throat, breast, and flanks, which gives the bird its common name. It has a distinct pale eye-ring and a pale loral stripe. The wings are dark with two indistinct pale wing-bars, and the tail is dark.

Bentuk paruh

Small, flattened, and broad-based, typical of an insectivorous flycatcher, dark horn-colored with a paler base to the lower mandible.

Warna mata

Dark brown.

Warna kaki

Dark grey to blackish.

Ciri pembeda

The combination of plain grey-brown upperparts, prominent grey streaking on the whitish underparts, a pale eye-ring, and a pale loral stripe are key identification features. Its upright posture when perched is also characteristic.

Penampilan muda

Juveniles resemble adults but may have a slightly scaly appearance on the upperparts due to pale feather fringes, and the streaking on the underparts might be less defined or more mottled.

Perubahan musiman

No significant seasonal plumage changes. The plumage remains consistent throughout the year, though wear and tear can make colors appear duller or streaking less crisp.

Dimorfisme seksual

None significant; males and females are generally indistinguishable in plumage.

Cara identifikasi

1. 1

   Underpart Streaking

   Look for distinct, relatively broad grey-brown streaks on the throat, breast, and flanks against a whitish background. This is the most reliable field mark.

2. 2

   Eye-ring and Loral Stripe

   Note the prominent pale eye-ring and the pale stripe extending from the base of the bill to the eye (loral stripe). These contrast with the darker head.

3. 3

   Upperparts

   Observe the plain, uniform grey-brown upperparts, lacking any strong patterns or colors.

4. 4

   Posture and Behavior

   Watch for its characteristic upright posture on a perch and its habit of sallying out to catch insects in flight.

5. 5

   Wing-bars

   Look for two indistinct pale wing-bars on the dark wings, though these can be subtle.

Habitat dan persebaran

Bioma

Temperate forests, taiga, subtropical and tropical moist lowland forests, mangroves, and sometimes gardens and parks during migration.

Persebaran geografis

Breeds in Northeast Asia (Siberia, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, Hokkaido, Honshu). Migrates through eastern China, Korea, Japan, and winters across Southeast Asia, including the Philippines, Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and other Indonesian islands, as well as New Guinea.

Rentang ketinggian

Typically found from sea level up to 1,500 meters, occasionally higher during migration.

Lingkungan yang disukai

Prefers open woodlands, forest edges, clearings, and areas with scattered trees and shrubs. During migration, it can be found in a wider variety of wooded habitats, including coastal scrub and urban parks.

Perilaku

Waktu aktivitas

Diurnal.

Kebiasaan makan

Primarily an aerial insectivore. It typically perches on an exposed branch, scanning for flying insects, then sallies out to catch them in mid-air before returning to the same or a different perch. It may also glean insects from foliage.

Perilaku sosial

Generally solitary, especially during migration and in wintering grounds. May occasionally be seen in loose mixed-species foraging flocks.

Pola terbang

Direct and agile when sallying for insects. Otherwise, flight is typically undulating over longer distances.

Pola migrasi

A long-distance migratory species. It breeds in Northeast Asia during the boreal summer and migrates south to Southeast Asia for the boreal winter. It is a common passage migrant and winter visitor in Indonesia.

Teritorialitas

Exhibits territorial behavior during the breeding season. In wintering grounds, it is less territorial but may defend a foraging patch.

Reproduksi

Musim kawin

May to July in its breeding range.

Kebiasaan bersarang

Nests are typically cup-shaped, built in the fork of a tree branch or on a horizontal branch, often well-concealed. Constructed from moss, lichens, rootlets, and spider silk.

Jumlah telur

3-5 eggs.

Deskripsi telur

Typically 3-5 eggs, pale greenish-blue or whitish, often speckled with reddish-brown or purplish spots, particularly at the broader end.

Masa inkubasi

Approximately 12-14 days.

Masa terbang

Chicks fledge around 12-14 days after hatching.

Perawatan orang tua

Both parents participate in incubation and feeding of the young.

Di mana ditemukan

Tips lapangan

1. Look for movement. These birds are often inconspicuous when perched, but their sallying flights for insects make them noticeable. Watch for quick, darting movements from a perch.
2. Scan mid-canopy. They typically perch in the mid-story of trees, often on exposed branches, providing a good vantage point for insect hunting.
3. Listen for calls. While not a strong singer, their soft 'tsip' calls can help locate them, especially during migration.
4. Patience is key. Flycatchers can remain still for extended periods. Patience and careful scanning of potential perches are often rewarded.

Spesies serupa

Fakta singkat

Status in Indonesia:

Common winter visitor and passage migrant

Dietary Niche:

Specialized aerial insectivore

Migration Distance:

Long-distance migrant, covering thousands of kilometers

Perching Style:

Upright posture on exposed branches

Fakta menarik

• The 'griseisticta' in its scientific name directly translates to 'grey-streaked', referring to its distinctive plumage.
• Despite its small size, the Grey-streaked Flycatcher undertakes an impressive annual migration between its breeding grounds in Northeast Asia and its wintering grounds in Southeast Asia.
• It is one of several 'brown flycatchers' in the genus Muscicapa, which can be challenging to distinguish in the field due to their subtle differences.

Klasifikasi ilmiah

Kerajaan

Animalia

Filum

Chordata

Kelas

Aves

Ordo

Passeriformes

Famili

Muscicapidae

Genus

Muscicapa

Spesies

Muscicapa griseisticta

Jelajahi Sikatan Rimba-bintik