How to identify the Scarlet Macaw

To correctly identify the Scarlet Macaw (Ara macao), check each of these features. Birds can be tricky: habit, habitat, and call often confirm a sighting that a single photo cannot.

Size at a glance

Length

81-96 cm (32-38 in), with over half of this being the tail feathers

Wingspan

104-114 cm (41-45 in)

Weight

900-1500 g (2-3.3 lbs)

Physical features to check

1. 1

   Plumage

   Overall feather coloration and pattern.

   Predominantly brilliant scarlet red on the head, neck, back, and underparts. The middle wing coverts are bright yellow, forming a distinct band across the wing. The primary coverts and flight feathers are iridescent blue. The rump and upper tail coverts are light blue, and the underside of the tail feathers are dark red with blue tips. There are small patches of yellow and green on the wing-tips.

2. 2

   Beak shape

   Shape and color of the bill: a key field mark.

   Large, powerful, and strongly hooked. The upper mandible is pale horn-colored (whitish-yellow), and the lower mandible is blackish-gray.

3. 3

   Eye color

   Iris color and any distinctive eye markings.

   Pale yellow iris in adults, dark brown in juveniles. The facial skin is bare and white, often with small red feather lines.

4. 4

   Leg color

   Leg and foot color.

   Dark gray to blackish

5. 5

   Distinguishing features

   Standout features that separate this species.

   The combination of brilliant red, yellow, and blue plumage, large size, and distinctive bare white facial patches with fine red feather lines. The large, pale upper mandible and dark lower mandible are also key.

6. 6

   Juvenile appearance

   How young birds differ from adults.

   Similar to adults but generally duller in coloration, especially the red. The tail feathers are shorter, and the iris is dark brown, gradually changing to pale yellow over the first few years.

7. 7

   Seasonal changes

   Plumage variation between breeding and non-breeding seasons.

   No significant seasonal plumage changes. Plumage remains consistent year-round.

8. 8

   Sexual dimorphism

   How males and females differ.

   Monotypic; males and females are outwardly identical in plumage and size. Sexing requires DNA analysis or endoscopic examination.

Key field marks

• Plumage Coloration. Look for the unmistakable combination of brilliant scarlet red body, bright yellow mid-wing band, and iridescent blue flight feathers. The rump is also blue.
• Facial Patches. Observe the bare white facial skin, which often has fine lines of small red feathers. This is a key distinguishing feature from the Green-winged Macaw.
• Beak Color. Note the large, pale horn-colored (whitish-yellow) upper mandible and the blackish-gray lower mandible.
• Size and Shape. Its large size (up to 96 cm including tail) and long, pointed tail are characteristic of a large macaw. In flight, the long tail is very evident.
• Vocalizations. Listen for their loud, harsh, and distinctive squawks and screeches, especially when flying overhead or in groups.
• Flight Pattern. Watch for their strong, direct flight with powerful wing beats, often in pairs or small groups, sometimes in V-formation.

Explore the Scarlet Macaw