How to identify the Red Squirrel

To correctly identify the Red Squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), check each of these features. Birds can be tricky: habit, habitat, and call often confirm a sighting that a single photo cannot.

Size at a glance

Length

16-23 cm (6.3-9.1 in) excluding tail

Wingspan

N/A (mammal, no wingspan)

Weight

140-280 g (4.9-9.9 oz)

Physical features to check

1. 1

   Plumage

   Overall feather coloration and pattern.

   The Red Squirrel has reddish-brown fur on its back, often with a rusty or orange hue, and a white or off-white belly. A dark lateral stripe may be present between the red back and white belly, especially in summer. The tail is bushy and often edged with white or black hairs.

2. 2

   Beak shape

   Shape and color of the bill: a key field mark.

   N/A (mammal, no beak)

3. 3

   Eye color

   Iris color and any distinctive eye markings.

   Dark brown to black

4. 4

   Leg color

   Leg and foot color.

   N/A (mammal, fur-covered legs)

5. 5

   Distinguishing features

   Standout features that separate this species.

   Small size, reddish-brown dorsal fur, white belly, bushy tail, and a prominent white eye-ring. They have sharp claws for climbing and strong incisors for opening cones and nuts.

6. 6

   Juvenile appearance

   How young birds differ from adults.

   Juveniles resemble adults but may have slightly duller coloration and a less developed bushy tail. The dark lateral stripe might be less pronounced or absent.

7. 7

   Seasonal changes

   Plumage variation between breeding and non-breeding seasons.

   Winter fur is typically thicker and slightly grayer or duller red than the brighter summer coat. The ear tufts may be more prominent in winter.

8. 8

   Sexual dimorphism

   How males and females differ.

   Minimal; males and females are generally similar in size and appearance, though females may be slightly larger when pregnant.

Key field marks

• Size and Shape. Look for a small, slender squirrel with a relatively short, bushy tail compared to larger tree squirrels.
• Coloration. Observe the reddish-brown fur on the back and sides, contrasting with a white or off-white belly. A dark stripe may separate these colors.
• Head Marks. Note the prominent white ring around the eyes, which is a key distinguishing feature.
• Behavior. Listen for its characteristic chattering and scolding calls. Watch for its energetic, jerky movements and its habit of caching cones in large middens.
• Habitat. Primarily found in coniferous and mixed forests, especially where spruce, pine, and fir trees are abundant.

Explore the Red Squirrel