How to identify the Tuim

To correctly identify the Tuim (Forpus xanthopterygius), check each of these features. Birds can be tricky: habit, habitat, and call often confirm a sighting that a single photo cannot.

Size at a glance

Length

10-12 cm

Wingspan

18-20 cm

Weight

20-28 g

Physical features to check

1. 1

   Plumage

   Overall feather coloration and pattern.

   Predominantly bright green. Males have a distinctive cobalt blue patch on the primary coverts and secondary flight feathers, and a blue rump. Females lack these blue markings, appearing entirely green, sometimes with a yellowish tinge on the face and underparts.

2. 2

   Beak shape

   Shape and color of the bill: a key field mark.

   Small, hooked, and strong, typically horn-colored or pale pinkish-grey.

3. 3

   Eye color

   Iris color and any distinctive eye markings.

   Dark brown with a narrow, pale periophthalmic ring.

4. 4

   Leg color

   Leg and foot color.

   Greyish-pink to grey.

5. 5

   Distinguishing features

   Standout features that separate this species.

   Small size, compact body, short tail. Males are easily identified by their bright blue wing patches and rump. Females are uniformly green, which can make identification more challenging without males present.

6. 6

   Juvenile appearance

   How young birds differ from adults.

   Juveniles resemble adult females, being entirely green. Young males gradually develop their blue wing and rump markings as they mature, typically within their first year.

7. 7

   Seasonal changes

   Plumage variation between breeding and non-breeding seasons.

   No significant seasonal plumage changes. Plumage remains consistent year-round.

8. 8

   Sexual dimorphism

   How males and females differ.

   Pronounced. Males possess distinct blue markings on the wings (primary coverts and secondaries) and rump, which are absent in females. Females are entirely green, often with a slightly duller or yellowish-green hue.

Key field marks

• Size and Shape. Look for a very small, compact parrot with a short tail. Its overall appearance is stocky.
• Male Plumage (Key Field Mark). Identify males by the striking cobalt blue patches on their primary wing coverts and secondary flight feathers, and a blue rump. These blue areas are the most reliable field mark for males.
• Female Plumage. Females are entirely green, sometimes with a slightly yellowish wash on the face and underparts. Without a male nearby, identifying females can be challenging, relying on size, shape, and vocalizations.
• Vocalizations. Listen for their characteristic high-pitched, sharp, and often rapid 'chit-chit-chit' calls, especially when they are in flight or foraging in flocks.
• Flight Pattern. Observe their fast, direct, and somewhat undulating flight, often in tight groups.
• Habitat. Look for them in open woodlands, forest edges, and cultivated areas, often near water, where they feed on seeds and fruits.

Explore the Tuim