Red-tailed Hawk look-alikes

Key differences

Red-shouldered Hawks are smaller, have more slender bodies, and a longer tail. Adults have reddish barring on the breast and belly, and prominent white crescent-shaped patches near the wingtips (visible from below). Their call is a series of clear, whistled 'kee-aah' notes, distinct from the Red-tailed Hawk's raspy scream. They prefer more wooded, riparian habitats.

Key differences

Rough-legged Hawks are winter visitors to much of the Red-tailed Hawk's range. They have feathered legs down to their toes, a smaller bill, and a distinctive dark carpal patch (wrist mark) on the underwing. Their tail is typically white with a broad dark terminal band (adults) or multiple narrow bands (juveniles), lacking the rufous color. They often hover more frequently than Red-tailed Hawks.

Key differences

Ferruginous Hawks are larger and bulkier, with a more upright posture when perched. They have rusty (ferruginous) coloration on their back and legs (forming a 'V' in flight), and a pale head. The underwing coverts are white, contrasting with dark flight feathers, and they lack the dark patagial marks of Red-tailed Hawks. Their tail is typically white or pale gray, often with rusty wash.

Key differences

Swainson's Hawks are typically more slender with longer, narrower wings. Adults often have a dark bib on the chest and a pale belly. Their underwings show a distinct two-toned pattern: pale coverts contrasting with dark flight feathers, but without the dark patagial marks. Their tail is typically gray-brown with several narrow dark bands and a broader subterminal band, not rufous. They are primarily insectivorous during migration and winter.