Ruff look-alikes

Key differences

Ruff is larger and stockier, with a shorter, straighter bill (Curlew Sandpiper has a distinctly decurved bill). Non-breeding Ruffs have a more upright posture and often yellowish legs, while Curlew Sandpipers have black legs. Breeding Curlew Sandpipers are brick-red underneath, unlike the variable but never uniformly brick-red Ruff.

Key differences

Ruff is generally larger and has a more upright stance. Pectoral Sandpiper has a sharply demarcated streaky breast band that contrasts with a white belly, a feature less pronounced or absent in Ruff. Pectoral Sandpiper often has a more yellowish base to the bill and duller legs. Juveniles can be tricky, but Ruff juveniles have a more scaly back pattern.

Key differences

Redshank is larger, with bright orange-red legs and a straight, bicolored bill (red base, black tip). Ruff's legs are typically duller yellow/orange/greenish and its bill is darker. Redshank has prominent white trailing edge to the wing in flight, which Ruff lacks.