How to identify the American Crow

To correctly identify the American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), check each of these features. Birds can be tricky: habit, habitat, and call often confirm a sighting that a single photo cannot.

Size at a glance

Length

40-53 cm (16-21 in)

Wingspan

85-100 cm (33-39 in)

Weight

316-620 g (11.1-21.9 oz)

Physical features to check

1. 1

   Plumage

   Overall feather coloration and pattern.

   Entirely glossy black plumage, including feathers, beak, legs, and eyes. The feathers can show an iridescent purple or blue sheen in good light.

2. 2

   Beak shape

   Shape and color of the bill: a key field mark.

   Stout, conical, and slightly decurved black beak.

3. 3

   Eye color

   Iris color and any distinctive eye markings.

   Dark brown to black

4. 4

   Leg color

   Leg and foot color.

   Black

5. 5

   Distinguishing features

   Standout features that separate this species.

   Large size, entirely black plumage, relatively long and strong legs, and a distinctive fan-shaped tail when spread in flight. The tail feathers are all roughly the same length, giving it a squared-off appearance.

6. 6

   Juvenile appearance

   How young birds differ from adults.

   Juveniles resemble adults but have duller, less glossy black plumage, often with a brownish tinge, and blue eyes that gradually darken to brown. Their gape (corners of the mouth) may also be pinkish or yellowish.

7. 7

   Seasonal changes

   Plumage variation between breeding and non-breeding seasons.

   No significant seasonal plumage changes. Plumage remains consistently black year-round.

8. 8

   Sexual dimorphism

   How males and females differ.

   Minimal to none. Males and females are virtually identical in plumage and size, though males may average slightly larger.

Key field marks

• Size and Shape. Look for a large, all-black bird with a stout body and a relatively large head. The tail is typically fan-shaped or squared-off at the end when spread in flight.
• Plumage. Entirely glossy black plumage. In good light, you might see iridescent purplish or bluish sheens on the feathers.
• Call. Listen for the characteristic loud, harsh 'caw-caw-caw'. This is often the most reliable identification feature, especially when distinguishing from Fish Crows or Common Ravens.
• Flight Pattern. Observe its strong, direct flight with steady wingbeats. They often glide for short distances and can be seen soaring.
• Behavior. Look for social behavior, such as foraging in groups, mobbing larger birds of prey, or gathering in large communal roosts. Their intelligence and adaptability are often evident in their interactions with their environment.

Explore the American Crow